Atmospheric fate of OH initiated oxidation of terpenes. Reaction mechanism of @a-pinene degradation and secondary organic aerosol formation

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Environmental Management, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This paper studies the reaction products of @a-pinene, @b-pinene, sabinene, 3-carene and limonene with OH radicals and of @a-pinene with ozone using FT-IR spectroscopy for measuring gas phase products and HPLC-MS-MS to measure products in the aerosol phase. These techniques were used to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the terpenes. The gas phase reaction products were all quantified using reference compounds. At low terpene concentrations (0.9-2.1ppm), the molar yields of gas phase reaction products were: HCHO 16-92%, HCOOH 10-54% (OH source: H”2O”2, 6-25ppm); HCHO 127-148%, HCOOH 4-6% (OH source: CH”3ONO, 5-8ppm). At high terpene concentrations (4.1-13.2ppm) the results were: HCHO 9-27%, HCOOH 15-23%, CH”3(CO)CH”3 0-14%, CH”3COOH 0-5%, nopinone 24% (only from @b-pinene oxidation), limona ketone 61% (only from limonene oxidation), pinonaldehyde was identified during @a-pinene degradation (OH source H”2O”2, 23-30ppm); HCHO 76-183%, HCOOH 12-15%, CH”3(CO)CH”3 0-12%, nopinone 17% (from @b-pinene oxidation), limona ketone 48% (from limonene oxidation), pinonaldehyde was identified during @a-pinene degradation (OH source CH”3ONO, 14-16ppm). Pinic acid, pinonic acid, limonic acid, limoninic acid, 3-caric acid, 3-caronic acid and sabinic acid were identified in the aerosol phase. On the basis of these results, we propose a formation mechanism for pinonic and pinic acid in the aerosol phase explaining how degradation products could influence SOA formation and growth in the troposphere.

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Markers of heterogeneous reaction products in @a-pinene ozone secondary organic aerosol

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A gas chromatograph iontrap mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS) was used to analyze the gas-and particle-phase products of @a-pinene ozone oxidation in the presence of three different inorganic seed aerosols: sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate only, and ammonium sulfate with sulfuric acid. Products of @a-pinene ozone oxidation common to the literature showed little difference in gas or particle-phase concentrations between seed types within the precision of the measurements even though significantly different aerosol yields were found between seed types. Small amounts of ring-opening products of four-membered cyclic oxygenates and markers of aldol condensation products were tentatively identified in the particle-phase for all seed types. These tentatively identified products are thought to be the result of acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions in the particle-phase or during sampling processes or analysis. The mechanisms for their formation are also proposed in this study.

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Advances in Software Engineering: Lipari Summer School 2007, Lipari Island, Italy, July 8-21, 2007, Revised Tutorial Lectures

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This tutorial presents a collection of research papers on themes discussed at the Lipari Summer School on Advances in Software Engineering, held on Lipari Island, Italy, in July 2007. It was the 19th in a well-known series of annual international schools, addressed at computer science researchers. The courses dealt with domain and requirements engineering, high-level modelling, software product line techniques, evolvable software, the evolution of service-oriented software architectures, Web services, and security in such evolving distributed systems.

The nine revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected by 21 reviewers. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations and methodology, service oriented architecture and web services, software technology, and security. This book is written with the intent to produce a state-of-the-art compendium of recent advances in software engineering.

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Software Architectures, Components, and Applications: Third International Conference on Quality of Software Architectures, QoSA 2007, Medford, MA, USA, … / Programming and Software Engineering)

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures, QoSA 2007, held in Medford, MA, USA, in July 2007, in conjunction with the 10th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering, CBSE 2007, and the ROSATEA 2007 event, investigating the Role of Software Architecture for Testing and Analysis, forming the federated events on Component-Based Software Engineering and Software Architecture, CompArch 2007.

The 13 revised full papers presented together with 1 keynote lecture were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on architectural design and architectural decisions, tracing architectural decisions, architecture evaluation, architecture evolution, architecting process and architectural knowledge.

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Enterprise Applications and Services in the Finance Industry: 4th International Workshop, FinanceCom 2008, Paris, France, December 13, 2008, Revised Papers … Notes in Business Information Processing)

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Enterprise Applications and Services in the Finance Industry, FinanceCom2008, held in Paris, France, on December 13, 2008. The workshop spans multiple disciplines, including technical, economic, sociological and behavioral sciences. The guiding theme of this workshop was concerned with innovations in the financial services industry, driven by either new business models or changed regulations.

The nine presented papers and the keynote speech were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The topics covered are financial markets and customers, service-oriented architectures, and regulation and compliance.

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